365Papers

Starting August 22, 2017, I'll read one academic paper every day for 365 days. The topics are intended to span Machine Learning, Neuroscience, Computer Vision, and Computational Medicine, with other topics thrown in liberally for seasoning.

Get in touch with me on Twitter as I tweet #365papers, or follow here. Suggest papers! Read along! Condescend!

This website is hosted by GitHub Pages, and the code is available here.

 

19 — Mortality in Puerto Rico after Hurricane Maria

After surveying individuals and comparing against demographic and geographic information, the estimated Puerto Rican death count due to Hurricane Maria increases 70-fold. [ Read More ]

#hurricane  #disaster  #disaster-relief  #Puerto-Rico  #natural-disaster  #public-health  #mortality  #climate  #climate-change  #infrastructure  #society  #health 
 

06 — New information on the cranial morphology of Avimimus (Theropoda: Oviraptorosauria)

New specimens of oviraptorosaurians demonstrate previously unconfirmed dissimilarities between the skull morphology of birds and Avivmimus dinosaurs. [ Read More ]

#paleontology  #dinosaur  #skull  #oviraptorosaurian  #avian  #morphology  #Mongolia  #cretaceous  #Gobi 
 

05 — The genetic basis of diurnal preference in Drosophila melanogaster

Though crepuscular in the lab, fruit flies can be both nocturnal or diurnal, and by selecting for one or the other artificially, we can identify the genes responsible for phase preference changes. [ Read More ]

#drosophila  #laboratory  #phenotype  #domestication  #evolution  #fly  #nocturnal  #circadian  #plasticity  #RNAseq  #gene-expression  #genetics  #diurnal 
 

04 — Single-cell molecular connectomics of intracortically-projecting neurons

Combining MAPseq with RNA sequencing, ConnectID enables researchers to overlay both transcriptome as well as and connectome information in cortical tissue. [ Read More ]

#neuroscience  #cortex  #mouse  #transcriptome  #S1  #M1  #A1  #V1  #thalamus  #MAPseq  #RNA  #barcode  #connectome 
 
July
July

31 — On-the-Fly Power-Aware Rendering

Modulating the resources allocated to different stages of the render process optimizes for render quality without sacrificing power consumption budgets. [ Read More ]

#render  #3D  #graphics  #power  #power-consumption  #energy  #GPU  #power-budget  #realtime 
 

25 — Radar evidence of subglacial liquid water on Mars

Dielectric permittivity measurements taken from the south pole of Mars strongly suggest a liquid water lake beneath the polar glaciers. [ Read More ]

#space  #Mars  #water  #radar  #glacier  #atmosphere  #polar  #permittivity  #dielectric  #ice  #chemistry  #life  #ion 
 

21 — Adversarial Reprogramming of Neural Networks

It is possible to construct and adversarial program that hijacks the compute power of a neural network and repurposes it to solve a different task. [ Read More ]

#neural-network  #machine-learning  #adversarial  #imagenet  #MNIST  #cifar  #group:google 
 

20 — Sampling Neuron Morphologies

A generative model based upon Markov chain monte carlo simulations creates realistic neuron morphologies. [ Read More ]

#neuroscience  #monte-carlo  #markov-chain  #neurons  #evolution  #generative  #3D  #structure  #morphology 
 

18 — Injury Incidence and Patterns Among Dutch CrossFit Athletes

The authors conducted a survey of CrossFit athletes in the Netherlands to better understand injury incidence rate. [ Read More ]

#crossfit  #exercise  #fitness  #injury  #weightlifting  #health 
 

16 — Female hurricanes are deadlier than male hurricanes

Hurricanes with female names are less likely to elicit preparatory action than hurricanes of the same magnitude with male names. [ Read More ]

#hurricane  #gender-bias  #gender  #natural-disaster  #disaster-recovery  #implicit-bias  #masculinity  #femininity  #MFI 
 

09 — Electric Fields Elicit Ballooning in Spiders

Spiders use the electric potential of the atmosphere in order to take off and fly to new locations. [ Read More ]

#spider  #silk  #flight  #atmosphere  #APG  #electricity  #behavior  #arachnid  #biology 
 

07 — Syntax Error Recovery in Parsing Expression Grammars

This modified PEG uses a separate grammar in order to recover from errors. [ Read More ]

#grammar  #language  #parsing  #syntax  #PEG 
June
June

30 — Learning Social Conventions in Markov Games

By including the observation of other agents in the self-play AI model, new agent strategies follow societal convention. [ Read More ]

#artificial-intelligence  #AI  #machine-learning  #convntion  #game-theory  #stategy  #observation  #self-play  #agents 
 

29 — Modelling the brain response to arbitrary visual stimulation patterns for a flexible high-speed BCI

This work proposes a bidirectional technique for converting between EEG and stimulation pattern timeseries data to aid in BCI control. [ Read More ]

#neuroscience  #BCI  #VEP  #EEG 
 

26 — Active vision varies across the cardiac cycle

Self-paced subjects preferred to encounter new stimuli during systole than diastole. [ Read More ]

#heart  #brain  #stimulus  #vision  #sight  #cardiac  #cycle  #behavior 
 

25 — World Models

This tripartite agent model learns to play games in the form of neural network hallucinations [ Read More ]

#neural-network  #behavior  #agents  #model  #prediction  #RNN  #vision  #openAI  #VAE  #dream  #simulation  #group:google 
 

23 — Discovery of a new song mode in Drosophila reveals hidden structure in the sensory and neural drivers of behavior

Applying a computational approach categorizes fruit fly mating songs and the neural underpinnings of these different singing modes better than existing state of the art. [ Read More ]

#neuroscience  #behavior  #drosophila  #courtship  #song  #singing 
 

19 — Aqueous-based tissue clearing in crustaceans

This decalcification and bleaching process pretreats exoskeleton-bearing creatures for tissue-clearing processes like CUBIC. [ Read More ]

#crustacean  #isopod  #tissue-clearing  #clarity  #CUBIC  #exoskeleton 
 

15 — Late Ediacaran trackways produced by bilaterian animals with paired appendages

Fossilized tracks in China are likely the first ever evidence of paired appendages in a bilaterian in the fossil record. [ Read More ]

#paleontology  #ediacaran  #bilateria  #fossil  #footprint  #china  #yangtze 
 

14 — CrisisMMD: Multimodal Twitter Datasets from Natural Disasters

The CrisisMMD dataset provides Twitter-based imagery and accompanying metadata to improve the humanitarian response to worldwide disasters. [ Read More ]

#dataset  #twitter  #society  #NLP  #imagery  #humanitarian-aid  #public-health 
 

11 — Why do deep convolutional networks generalize so poorly to small image transformations?

Common classification CNNs are sensitive to even very slight changes in a target image due to inherent biases in almost all commonly used training datasets. [ Read More ]

#computer-vision  #neural-network  #CNN  #machine-learning  #ImageNet  #ResNet  #training  #sensitivity 
 

09 — The logic of single-cell projections from visual cortex

Using MAPseq, it is possible to locate and characterize the downstream projections from visual cortex in a whole mouse brain. [ Read More ]

#neuroscience  #MAPseq  #projection  #cortex  #mouse  #barcode  #atlas  #V1  #genetics  #gene-barcode 
 

07 — Caffeine dosing strategies to optimize alertness during sleep loss

By optimizing caffeine doses and timing, it is possible to reduce the total amount of caffeine required to maintain neurobehavioral performance on a battery of tests. [ Read More ]

#caffeine  #sleep  #sleep-deprivation  #behavior  #vigilance  #alertness  #fatigue 
 

06 — Playing Atari with Six Neurons

A tiny neural net is big enough to play certain Atari games when game-state is provided in a simplified form. [ Read More ]

#neural-network  #game  #machine-learning  #atari  #videogames  #optimization 
 

05 — Rational Temporal Predictions Can Underlie Apparent Failures to Delay Gratification

This 2013 reproduction of the marshmallow test sought to understand how accurate and inaccurate predictions of time-delays influenced the seemingly irrational choices behind children's behavior. [ Read More ]

#delayed-gratification  #economics  #marshmallow  #marshmallow-test  #psychology  #behavior  #childhood  #reproducibility  #reward 
 

01 — KG²: Learning to Reason Science Exam Questions with Contextual Knowledge Graph Embeddings

A knowledge graph embedding is learned by a neural network in order to answer complex exam-style questions based upon knowledge from a large corpus. [ Read More ]

#knowledge-graph  #graphs  #question-answering  #exam  #AI  #ARC  #neural-network  #machine-learning 
 
 

26 — A Burmese amber tick wrapped in spider silk

A tick fossilized in amber is wrapped with what appears to be spider silk, demonstrating a rarely-seen interaction between spiders and ticks in the fossil record. [ Read More ]

#ticks  #spider  #fossil  #cretaceous  #fossil-record  #amber  #spider-silk  #insect  #arachnid  #silk 
 

25 — Fast animal pose estimation using deep neural networks

This pose-estimation and animal tracking software uses deep learning to estimate the positions and configurations of a freely behaving animal. [ Read More ]

#neuroscience  #pose-estimation  #3D  #deep-learning  #posture  #postural-dynamics  #neural-network  #animal-tracking 
 

23 — Estimating the impact of structural directionality: How reliable are undirected connectomes?

Taking directed brain graphs and removing directionality to simulate non-invasive data-recording techniques removes meaningful signal from the data, suggesting that directionality is a core component of understanding a brain graph. [ Read More ]

#neuroscience  #graphs  #networks  #directed-graph  #connectome  #c-elegans  #noninvasive  #MRI  #fMRI  #directionality 
 

22 — Predicting Electricity Outages Caused by Convective Storms

To train machine-learning approaches to predict the power-grid damage caused by storms, it is necessary to artificially over-sample rarer events. [ Read More ]

#storm  #lightning  #tornado  #weather  #prediction  #SMOTE  #machine-learning  #neural-network  #dbscan  #meteorology  #GIS  #power-grid 
 

20 — Evidence of a plume on Europa from Galileo magnetic and plasma wave signatures

New analyses of decade-old data from the Galileo mission around Jupiter suggest that the space probe passed through a plume of Europa. [ Read More ]

#jupiter  #moon  #europa  #plume  #water  #astronomy  #space 
 
 

18 — Gene Duplication and Gene Expression Changes Play a Role in the Evolution of Candidate Pollen Feeding Genes in Heliconius Butterflies

Pollen-feeding butterflies upregulate cocoonase genes in their proboscis, entirely separate from where most digestive enzymes are produced in butterflies. [ Read More ]

#butterfly  #biology  #digestion  #insect  #pollen  #enzymes  #RNA  #DNA  #sequencing 
 

17 — Comprehensive machine learning analysis of Hydra behavior reveals a stable basal behavioral repertoire

Via computer vision fed into unsupervised machine learning, video feeds of the cnidarian hydra vulgaris can be categorized into highly stereotyped behaviors that shed light on the fundamental capabilities of even small systems of neurons. [ Read More ]

#hydra  #neuroscience  #machine-learning  #behavior  #cnidarian  #evolution  #bag-of-words 
 

16 — The structure factor of primes

Armed with techniques conventionally used in crystallography, it is possible to run simulations that characterize the fractal structure of prime number distribution along the number line. [ Read More ]

#primes  #number-theory  #Bragg-peaks  #crystals  #crystallography  #fractals  #math 
 

15 — Unsupervised Intuitive Physics from Visual Observations

This unsupervised learning approach builds intuitions about physics using only top-down video feeds, entirely without simulators. [ Read More ]

#machine-learning  #physics  #prediction  #unsupervised  #tensorflow  #heightmap  #terrain  #neural-network 
 

11 — Jupiter’s atmospheric jet streams extend thousands of kilometres deep

Measuring the gravitational field of Jupiter enables us to understand its dynamic atmosphere, the depth of jet-streams, and the mass ratio of the dynamical atmosphere to its gas core. [ Read More ]

#jupiter  #NASA  #atmosphere  #jet-stream  #juno  #gravity  #space  #gravity-harmonics 
 

09 — Detecting Mutations by eBWT

Leveraging a form of the Burrows-Wheeler transform, it is possible to indentify SNP clusters in a human genome. [ Read More ]

#genomics  #genome  #genetics  #strings  #SNPs  #sequencing  #NGS  #human-genome  #mutations  #BWT  #DNA 
 

08 — Eat & Tell: A Randomized Trial of Random-Loss Incentive to Increase Dietary Self-Tracking Compliance

Individuals who were penalized a random penalty for food-diary non-compliance were more likely to comply than individuals who where penalized a consistent, known amount. [ Read More ]

#diet  #nutrition  #eating  #weight-loss  #compliance  #self-tracking  #incentive  #quantified-self  #food-logging  #economics  #behavior 
 

07 — Casual 3D Photography

A reconstruction algorithm converts a casually recorded set of photographs into a semi-3D scene mesh. [ Read More ]

#3D  #graphics  #SIGGRAPH  #photogrammetry  #volume  #panorama  #SfM  #SLAM  #reconstruction 
 

06 — Global Catfish Biodiversity

One in every 20 species of vertebrates is a catfish, and understanding this diverse and ubiquitous fish sheds light on ecological and biological processes. [ Read More ]

#catfish  #biology  #biodiversity  #vertebrates  #ecology  #fish  #phylogeny  #taxonomy  #evolution 
 

04 — Dynamic Structural Similarity on Graphs

Dynamic Structural Similarity is a node-to-node similarity measure that can be computed iteratively in order to refine a result. [ Read More ]

#graphs  #graph-theory  #similarity  #graph-structure  #NP  #networks 
 

02 — Spontaneous behaviors drive multidimensional, brain-wide population activity

Background chatter characteristic of sensory cortices receiving not sensory inputs can likely be explained by the neural expression of the simultaneous occurrence of behaviors. [ Read More ]

#neuroscience  #behavior  #mouse  #vision  #visual-system  #sensation  #sensory-cortex  #calcium-imaging  #ephys 
April
April

30 — Getting to the bottom of anal evolution

The evolutionary origins of the anus are hugely impactful in understanding the organization of the animal world, but it's also hotly debated. [ Read More ]

#bilateria  #evolution  #phylogenetics  #anus  #development  #evolutionary-development  #gut  #blastopore  #genitals  #review 
 

29 — Synaptic circuits and their variations within different columns in the visual system of Drosophila

Reconstructing seven columns of fly medulla enables us to understand and differentiate between reconstruction errors and natural variations, and also provides a substrate for more principled learning about species stereotypy. [ Read More ]

#neuroscience  #drosophila  #fly  #flyEM  #connectome  #synapses  #circuit  #visual-system  #hexagons  #3D-reconstruction  #SEM  #electron-microscopy  #group:janelia 
 

27 — Of flying frogs and levitrons

Using a strong enough magnet, it is possible to non-destructively levitate water, and water-based creatures. [ Read More ]

#Levitron  #physics  #levitation  #gravity  #Ig-Nobel  #frog 
 

21 — Gating and control of primary visual cortex by pulvinar

Lateral pulvinar gates LGN inputs to primary visual cortex in primates, permitting or disallowing inputs to reach the visual processing stream. [ Read More ]

#neuroscience  #primate  #V1  #LGN  #thalamus  #pulvinar  #gating  #calcium-imaging  #receptive-field  #visual-cortex  #sight  #vision  #blink 
 

18 — The functional organization of cortical feedback inputs to primary visual cortex

LM feedback inputs to mouse V1 are largely retinotopic, but also include some distal feedback connections that violate a strict retinotopic map. [ Read More ]

#neuroscience  #V1  #vision  #cortical-feedback  #cortex  #mouse  #retinotopy  #calcium-imaging  #LM  #mouse  #GCaMP6  #AAV 
 

17 — Automated diagnosis of colon cancer using hyperspectral sensing

Hyperspectral spectroscopy enables surgeons to identify cancerous tumors in colorectal cancer patients even when they are not visible to the naked eye. [ Read More ]

#cancer  #colon-cancer  #hyperspectral-imaging  #diagnosis  #image-processing  #computer-vision  #surgery  #tumor  #group:JHU  #group:APL 
 

16 — Transductive Adversarial Networks (TAN)

Transductive adversarial networks enable training on labelled data in one domain and applying the model to unlabelled data in another domain, improving the feasibility of machine learning in restricted data ecosystems. [ Read More ]

#neural-network  #adversarial  #TAN  #unlabelled-data  #MNIST  #SVHN  #drug-interaction 
 

15 — Voices Obscured in Complex Environmental Settings (VOICES) corpus

The VOICES dataset consists of vocal utterances from different positions in a room, along with distracting factors like radio, TV, or music. [ Read More ]

#dataset  #audio  #acoustics  #echo  #distraction  #corpus  #speech-recognition  #speaker-recognition  #signal-processing  #speech-to-text 
 

14 — CubeNet: Equivariance to 3D Rotation and Translation

CubeNet is a novel type of CNN that exhibits invariance to right-angle rotations of the target input in 3D space. [ Read More ]

#3D  #neural-network  #CNN  #voxels  #model  #rotation  #ISBI-2012  #ModelNet10 
 

13 — STAIR Actions: A Video Dataset of Everyday Home Actions

The STAIR Actions dataset records over 100,000 five-second videos in order to represent common activities that take place in the home. [ Read More ]

#dataset  #home  #action  #video  #labels  #recognition  #moments  #annotation 
 

11 — Discovering Hidden Factors of Variation in Deep Networks

Asking a classifier to output what it considers the "extremes" of its labels demonstrates that nets store a continuum even when asked just for a label. [ Read More ]

#deep-learning  #neural-network  #model  #machine-learning  #latent-variable 
 

10 — Functional Organization and Dynamic Activity in the Superior Colliculus of the Echolocating Bat, Eptesicus fuscus

The brown bat superior colliculus contains specialized machinery that interleaves motor and sensory neurons for high-speed transfer of sensory and motor information between the systems. [ Read More ]

#neuroscience  #bats  #echolocation  #sonar  #superior-colliculus  #flight  #organization  #group:JHU 
 

09 — Anxiety Cells in a Hippocampal-Hypothalamic Circuit

Fear and avoidance are controlled by different projections from ventral hippocampus, where anxiogenic stimuli are projected to lateral hypothalamus and basal amygdala. [ Read More ]

#neuroscience  #hippocampus  #hypothalamus  #circuit  #anxiety  #anxiogenesis  #calcium-imaging  #optogenetics  #lateral-hypothalamic-area  #place-cells  #rodent 
 

08 — Interbrain cortical synchronization encodes multiple aspects of social interactions in monkey pairs

When one monkey watches another monkey experience a change in movement and location, it too experiences a similar-looking configuration of signals in its primary motor cortex. [ Read More ]

#neuroscience  #monkey  #primate  #behavior  #mirror-neuron  #synchronization  #BCI  #interbrain-cortical-synchronization  #motor-cortex 
 

07 — The growth pattern of Neandertals, reconstructed from a juvenile skeleton from El Sidrón (Spain)

Neanderthal skeletal growth patterns very closely mirror those of modern humans, though vertebral fusion occurred much later. [ Read More ]

#anthropology  #neanderthal  #growth  #skeleton  #humans  #paleoanthropology 
 

06 — Real-valued (Medical) Time Series Generation with Recurrent Conditional GANs

Recurrent Conditional GANs can be used to generate not only images, but also time-series data that, in this case, are used to simulate medical data. [ Read More ]

#medical-records  #EHR  #synthetic-data  #patients  #neural-network  #GAN  #time-series  #rcGAN 
 
 

30 — A longitudinal study of phenotypic changes in early domestication of house mice

After only 20 generations, domestic mice differ from their fully wild relatives in a variety of ways, including snout size, brain volume, and fur coloration. [ Read More ]

#mouse  #phenotype  #domestication  #evolution  #domestication-syndrome  #fur-color  #fur 
 
 

28 — Moving magnetoencephalography towards real-world applications with a wearable system

Leveraging the atomic behavior of Rubidium vapor, it is possible to build a mobile, less energy-hungry MEG scanner that is helmet-mounted instead of stationary. [ Read More ]

#neuroscience  #methods  #imagery  #imaging  #MEG  #quantum  #rubidium  #MEG  #superconductor  #laser 
 

26 — Tell Me Why Is It So? Explaining Knowledge Graph Relationships by Finding Descriptive Support Passages

This system designed by IBM and IIT searches a corpus of text for the most relevant phrases to explain a given entity triple from a knowledge graph. [ Read More ]

#machine-learning  #knowledge-graph  #wikidata  #wikipedia  #explainability  #unsupervised  #group:IBM 
 

25 — The Circuit Motif as a Conceptual Tool for Multilevel Neuroscience

Characterizing individual neuronal circuit motifs is a powerful way of understanding the computational primitives of the brain. [ Read More ]

#neuroscience  #graphs  #motif  #connectome  #brain-function  #brain-map  #computation 
 

24 — A single spectrum of neuronal identities across thalamus

The thalamus acts as a filtering and processing step in the pipeline of sensory information entering cortex. [ Read More ]

#neuroscience  #transcriptome  #circuit  #thalamus  #cortex  #projection  #mouse  #group:janelia 
 

23 — Limits of Predictability in Human Mobility

More than ninety percent of human mobility is potentially predictable based upon 50,000 users' mobile phone tracking data. [ Read More ]

#mobility  #ecology  #population  #travel  #mobile-phone  #location  #prediction  #entropy  #social-dynamics  #society 
 

22 — Neural Network Quine

This proposed method for designing a self-replicating neural network implements the concept of a code-less quine. [ Read More ]

#neural-network  #machine-learning  #MNIST  #quine  #programming  #artificial-intelligence  #self-replication 
 

20 — Equation-oriented specification of neural models for simulations

Brian2 uses membrane potential equation-based models in order to simulate biological spiking neural networks through Python. [ Read More ]

#neuroscience  #simulation  #neural-network  #model  #neural-models  #spiking-neural-network  #python 
 

18 — Whole-brain serial-section electron microscopy in larval zebrafish

Using the latest-and-greatest connectomics workflows and technology, a full-brain connectome and projectome dataset is generated from a larval zebrafish. [ Read More ]

#neuroscience  #zebrafish  #connectome  #serial-section  #EM  #whole-brain  #ssEM  #projectome  #MLF 
 

17 — idtracker.ai: Tracking all individuals in large collectives of unmarked animals

idtracker.ai is a deep-learning animal-tracking system that can track individuals over time despite individuals crossing or touching. [ Read More ]

#animal-tracking  #neural-network  #trajectory  #identification  #video  #computer-vision  #ecology 
 

16 — PixelNN: Example-based Image Synthesis

A CNN feeds data into a pixelwise nearest-neighbor network in order to generate high resolution, highly controllable synthetic images from scratch. [ Read More ]

#neural-network  #image-synthesis  #generative  #CNN  #classic  #nearest-neighbor 
 

15 — Clusters of cyclones encircling Jupiter’s poles

New imagery from the Juno probe allow us to see the enormous cyclone systems storming on Jupiter's north and south poles. [ Read More ]

#space  #cyclone  #weather  #jupiter  #turbulence  #coriolis  #simulation 
 

12 — Does the Mid-Atlantic Ridge affect the distribution of abyssal benthic crustaceans across the Atlantic Ocean?

Of the surveyed abyssal species of mobile organisms in the deep sea around the Vera Fracture Zone, few species cross the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, making the MAR a robust dispersal barrier. [ Read More ]

#ocean  #mid-atlantic-ridge  #abyss  #crustacean  #ecology  #deep-sea  #bathymetry  #biodiversity  #topography  #ocean-currents 
 

11 — Automatic Machine Knitting of 3D Meshes

A 3D toolkit converts arbitrary manifold, watertight meshes into knittable patterns that can be loaded onto an automated knitting machine. [ Read More ]

#mesh  #stitching  #3D  #graphs  #knitting  #yarn  #CAD  #graphics  #additive-manufacturing  #remesh  #automation  #stuffed-animal  #manifold  #Reeb-graph 
 

07 — Correlations of Climate and Plant Ecology to Leaf Size and Shape: Potential Proxies for the Fossil Record

Identifying correlations between leaf physiognomy and climate enables us to better understand the climate of the prehistoric world by looking at leaves in the fossil record. [ Read More ]

#climate  #plant  #leaf  #nitrogen  #herbivory  #dicots  #trees  #paleontology  #fossil  #morphology  #physiognomy  #paleoecology  #paleobotany  #ecology 
 

06 — A surge of light at the birth of a supernova

An amateur astronomer, while testing a new telescope setup, coincidentally caught the birth of a new supernova, SN 2016gkg. [ Read More ]

#supernova  #astronomy  #telescope  #space 
 

05 — Satellite imagery analysis for operational damage assessment in Emergency situations

Phrasing disaster-zone detection as a satellite image segmentation problem enables machine learning approaches to hasten emergency response efforts. [ Read More ]

#damage-assessment  #satellite-imagery  #deep-learning  #neural-network  #emergency-response  #mapping  #GIS  #CV 
February
February

28 — Rapid and Semi-Automated Extraction of Neuronal Cell Bodies and Nuclei from Electron Microscopy Image Stacks

CellSeeker is an open-source software product that finds cell bodies in an electron microscopy image stack for further analysis, without deep learning. [ Read More ]

#segmentation  #EM  #neuroscience  #neural-network  #cell-body 
 

27 — Humans quickly learn to blink strategically in response to environmental task demands

When expecting a short-duration stimulus, humans are likely to subconsciously supress blinking, and then compensate afterwards, according to a simple probablistic model. [ Read More ]

#blink  #vision  #eye  #behavior  #humans  #eye-tracking  #learning 
 

26 — StackGAN: Text to Photo-realistic Image Synthesis with Stacked Generative Adversarial Networks

StackGAN can convert freeform text into an image that matches that description, using two GANs stacked on top of each other in order to best refine details. [ Read More ]

#GAN  #text  #photorealism  #image-synthesis  #neural-network  #computer-vision  #CV 
 

25 — Image2Mesh: A Learning Framework for Single Image 3D Reconstruction

Using object recognition infrastructure paired with a dataset of 3D models, it is possible to capture a 3D scene reconstruction from only a single image. [ Read More ]

#mesh  #image  #3D  #reconstruction  #CV  #scene-reconstruction  #neural-network  #computer-vision 
 

24 — U-Th dating of carbonate crusts reveals Neandertal origin of Iberian cave art

Dating the "canvas" material of cave paintings shows that the artwork predates the arrival of modern humans in Iberian caves and that these pieces should instead be attributed to Neanderthal artists. [ Read More ]

#neanderthal  #archaeology  #anthropology  #caves  #art  #paleolithic  #iberia  #symbolism 
 

23 — Optimized Bacteria are Environmental Prediction Engines

It is evolutionarily favorable for a bacterial population to intentionally express a locally sub-optimal phenotype in order to best optimize for reproduction should the environmental conditions change. [ Read More ]

#bacteria  #computation  #prediction  #optimization  #biology  #markov-process  #POMDP 
 

22 — A rock engraving made by Neanderthals in Gibraltar

Neanderthal cave carvings in Gibraltar suggest that Neanderthals were able to express themselves with abstract art, a skill once thought to be exclusive to modern humans. [ Read More ]

#neanderthal  #archaeology  #anthropology  #gibraltar  #engraving  #caves  #symbolism  #paleolithic  #cognition  #art  #iberia 
 

21 — Neural Turing Machines

A fully differentiable neural network that possesses devoted memory resources enables a network to outperform conventional machine learning techniques and incorporate historical information in computation. [ Read More ]

#neural-network  #turing-machine  #von-neumann-architecture  #memory-access  #LSTM  #group:google 
 

20 — The random walk of cars and their collision probabilities with planets

You're more likely to be killed by a ground-based Tesla than an outer-space Tesla, unless you visit another planet or live a really, really long time. [ Read More ]

#Tesla  #SpaceX  #orbits  #gravity  #gravitation  #planets  #space 
 

19 — Tackling the Minimal Superpermutation Problem

The minimal superpermutation of a six-character string is still unknown, but we do know both that it disproves our prior understanding of superpermutations and that we can find it using brute force solutions to a related TSP. [ Read More ]

#TSP  #mathematics  #sequences  #permutations  #graphs 
 

18 — End-to-end differentiable learning of protein structure

A new type of neural network predicts 3D protein structure faster, better, and with less initial knowledge than every other existing method. [ Read More ]

#predictive-modeling  #deep-learning  #machine-learning  #proteins  #protein-structure  #protein-folding  #3D  #shape  #neural-network 
 

17 — Scalable and accurate deep learning for electronic health records

Using a deep-learning approach, it is possible to predict medical events, such as readmission or condition diagnosis, in a hospital population with extremely high accuracy and some degree of explainability. [ Read More ]

#EHR  #medical-records  #deep-learning  #machine-learning  #neural-network  #predictive-modeling  #group:google  #patient-outcomes  #explainability 
 

16 — Deep Patient: An Unsupervised Representation to Predict the Future of Patients from the Electronic Health Records

DeepPatient predicts patient outcomes by embedding patients in a feature-space that enables it to use prior cases in the EHR to identify similar patient stories. [ Read More ]

#EHR  #precision-medicine  #neural-network  #deep-learning  #patient-outcomes  #medical-records 
 
 

14 — Diurnal transcriptome atlas of a primate across major neural and peripheral tissues

Genes are often cyclically through the circadian cycle, and this study examines this cycle in baboons, compared to the lab mouse upon which many gene expression studies are based. [ Read More ]

#neuroscience  #transcriptome  #diurnal  #gene-expression  #circadian  #baboon  #SCN 
 

13 — Deep Learning based Retinal OCT Segmentation

This automated segmentation approach to OCT retina imagery uses a fully connected convolutional neura network to improve upon existing state of the art algorithms. [ Read More ]

#OCT  #retina  #eye  #optics  #deep-learning  #machine-learning  #CNN  #FCN  #segmentation  #group:APL 
 

12 — Crowdsourcing biomedical research: leveraging communities as innovation engines

When charged with analyzing a large biomedical dataset, it is cost-effective to open the opportunity up to citizen scientists and benefit from crowd-sourced solutions. [ Read More ]

#bioinformatics  #genetics  #genomics  #big-data  #challenges  #crowd-sourcing 
 

11 — A Feathered Dinosaur Tail with Primitive Plumage Trapped in Mid-Cretaceous Amber

This newly found amber-preserved specimen teaches us about Cretaceous dinosaur plumage, as well as the origins of modern avian anatomy. [ Read More ]

#paleontology  #dinosaur  #feather  #birds  #amber  #cretaceous  #fossil 
 

10 — Gliotransmission: Beyond Black-and-White

In this part of the Dual Perspectives series, it is argued that gliotransmission does take place in natural circumstances in the healthy brain. [ Read More ]

#neuroscience  #neurotransmission  #calcium  #dual-perspectives  #gliotransmission  #astrocytes  #glia 
 

09 — Multiple Lines of Evidence Indicate That Gliotransmission Does Not Occur under Physiological Conditions

In this part of the Dual Perspectives series, it is argued that glia do not take part in the calcium-mediated release of neurotransmitters in order to signal information to neurons. [ Read More ]

#neuroscience  #neurotransmission  #calcium  #dual-perspectives  #gliotransmission  #astrocytes  #glia  #peer-review 
 

08 — The Neuronal Gene Arc Encodes a Repurposed Retrotransposon Gag Protein that Mediates Intercellular RNA Transfer

Neurons can create capsid-like structures that enable them to send mRNA directly to neighboring cells, in a type of virus-like communication. [ Read More ]

#neuroscience  #virus  #retrovirus  #mRNA  #capsid 
 

07 — Highly dynamic fission–fusion species can exhibit leadership when traveling

Bottlenose dolphin groups in the Lower Florida Keys are conventionally led by a small group of delegated leaders, who know the area well and can lead the group to areas of resource richness and low danger. [ Read More ]

#dolphin  #marine-biology  #bottlenose-dolphin  #fission-fusion  #leadership  #navigation 
 

06 — Axonal synapse sorting in medial entorhinal cortex

Axons in mouse medial entorhinal cortex synapse onto inhibitory targets "sooner" along the length of the axon than onto excitatory targets, suggesting a complex signal-processing circuit. [ Read More ]

#entorhinal-cortex  #MEC  #synapse-sorting  #webknossos  #connectomics  #EM  #electron-microscopy  #graphs  #mouse 
 

05 — Tau accumulations in the brains of woodpeckers

Woodpeckers, long assumed to be in some way protected from traumatic brain injury during pecking, are likely suffering more brain injury than previously thought. [ Read More ]

#woodpecker  #birds  #TBI  #encephalopathy  #tau  #accumulations  #neuroscience 
 

04 — Australia’s continental-scale acoustic tracking database and its automated quality control process

IMOS is a database that tracks animals around the coast of Australia using acoustic tracking techniques. The data are then sanitized using domain-specific knowledge about the speed and expected location of different species. [ Read More ]

#marine-biology  #acoustics  #audio  #signal-processing  #database  #Australia  #quality-control  #migration  #GIS  #ocean 
 

03 — Imitation of novel conspecific and human speech sounds in the killer whale (Orcinus orca)

A female orca was trained to emulate human speech sounds and learned the skillset very quickly, suggesting that cetaceans have a highly developed vocal imitation ability. [ Read More ]

#learning  #whale  #vocalization  #mimicry  #cetacean  #killer-whale  #orca  #imitation  #marine-biology 
 

01 — Deep Predictive Models in Interactive Music

Musical interaction or co-improvization agents are now feasible due to advances in machine learning systems. [ Read More ]

#neural-network  #music  #prediction  #deep-learning  #wavenet  #group:review  #machine-learning  #cooperation 
January
January

31 — Medial preoptic circuit induces hunting-like actions to target objects and prey

The MPA-vPAG circuit, when active, increases the rate of nonsocial behavior, and acts as an on-switch for engagement with inanimate objects or prey. [ Read More ]

#mouse  #circuit  #motivation  #PAG  #MPA  #CaMKII 
 

30 — Semantic attributes are encoded in human electrocorticographic signals during visual object recognition

Using data from electrode arrays implanted in the skulls of human subjects, it is possible to closely guess what sorts of objects an individual is looking at or thinking of based only on the magnitude and frequency of activation of certain brain areas. [ Read More ]

#neuroscience  #ECoG  #semantics  #encoding  #neural-code  #object-recognition  #speech  #group:APL 
 

29 — Patterns of long-term climate variability and predation rates by a marine apex predator, the white shark Carcharodon carcharia

Great white shark predation on seals has a complex relationship with climate, weather, and environmental conditions. This dataset of hundreds of shark attacks on seals helps to start decoding this environment/predation relationship. [ Read More ]

#marine-biology  #shark  #seal  #temperature  #ocean  #ecology  #climate 
 

28 — Mitochondria are physiologically maintained at close to 50 °C

Mitochondria in vitro appear to run up to 10ºC warmer than the rest of the cell due to the energy released through cellular respiration. [ Read More ]

#temperature  #mitochondria  #oxygen  #cytosol  #heat  #cellular-respiration 
 

27 — A photophoretic-trap volumetric display

3D volumetric displays can be generated by trapping a microscopic particle in a beam of light and quickly adjusting its position and color. [ Read More ]

#display  #volumetric  #hologram  #photophoretics  #particles  #optics  #photonics 
 

26 — An LSTM Network for Highway Trajectory Prediction

An LSTM-driven model improves upon the state-of-the-art for predicting the position of other road vehicles alongside an autonomous vehicle up to ten seconds in the future. [ Read More ]

#self-driving-car  #autonomous-car  #autonomy  #prediction  #LSTM  #neural-network 
 

25 — The earliest modern humans outside Africa

A fossilized upper jaw found in Israel suggests that modern humans existed outside of Africa more than 50,000 years than previously thought. [ Read More ]

#paleoanthropology  #anthropology  #fossil  #maxilla  #humans  #Pleistocene  #israel  #neanderthal 
 

24 — The eardrums move when the eyes move: A multisensory effect on the mechanics of hearing

When some primates and humans move their eyes to fixate on a new location in space, the eardrums also move, adjusting in order to better resolve the origin of sounds and sights. [ Read More ]

#eardrums  #ears  #eye  #hearing  #neuroscience 
 

23 — Regionalism in Disney Animation: Pink Elephants and Dumbo

The bizarre, drug-like "Pink Elephants" sequence in Dumbo wasn't some artistic fluke; it was the sign of a supressed art style shining through the Disney studios where it had been previously shunned. [ Read More ]

#animation  #Disney  #film  #history  #film-history  #1930s  #art  #art-history  #film-history 
 

22 — TexT - Text Extractor Tool for Handwritten Document Transcription and Annotation

TexT is an interactive handwriting recognition engine that enables an annotator to annotate certain words and receive assistance from an AI assistant to find other instances of that same word. [ Read More ]

#OCR  #text-recognition  #HTR  #handwriting  #handwritten-text-recognition  #transcription  #cultural-heritage 
 

21 — Spot the Difference by Object Detection

This CNN identifies and locates suble changes to photographs of two very slightly different images, such as two versions of the same book, with minimal required human annotation. [ Read More ]

#computer-vision  #object-detection  #CNN  #books 
 

20 — Blind De-anonymization Attacks using Social Networks

Given an anonymized graph dataset of a social network, this system can use auxiliary datasets — such as other social networks — to reverse engineer identity. [ Read More ]

#social-networks  #anonymization  #networks  #machine-learning  #SVM 
 

19 — Do Large (Magnitude ≥8) Global Earthquakes Occur on Preferred Days of the Calendar Year or Lunar Cycle?

Earthquakes cannot be predicted using the lunar cycle or the calendar day, which should be obvious but for some reason people still believe that junk. [ Read More ]

#earthquake  #seismology  #letter  #calendar  #time  #moon  #earth  #planet  #space 
 

18 — Reinforcement Learning based Recommender System using Biclustering Technique

This recommender engine uses reinforcement learning to generate high-quality item recommendations for a purchasing user "buyer" agent. [ Read More ]

#reinforcement-learning  #recommender  #biclustering  #explainability 
 

17 — Social Network based Short-Term Stock Trading System

This trading bot uses sentiment analysis pulled from tweets in order to determine which stocks to buy or sell, and when. [ Read More ]

#finance  #markets  #stock-market  #trading  #stocks  #hft  #twitter  #sentiment-analysis 
 

16 — Building a Conversational Agent Overnight with Dialogue Self-Play

M2M provides a simple protocol for generating very large corpuses of human-like text from machine-generated outlines, toward the construction of natural language chatbots. [ Read More ]

#chatbot  #chat  #conversation  #conversational-agent  #dialogue  #group:google 
 

15 — Do Dogs Know Related Rates Rather than Optimization?

Either dogs are good at mentally solving calculus problems, or their brains recompute local optima at every moment of a game of fetch, calculating an optimal path by approximation. [ Read More ]

#dogs  #fetch  #water  #swimming  #refraction  #related-rates  #optimization  #puppers  #calculus 
 

14 — “Like Sheep Among Wolves”: Characterizing Hateful Users on Twitter

Hateful users can be identified by several interesting characteristics, including account-creation, followership ratios, and retweet networks. [ Read More ]

#social-networks  #twitter  #hate-speech  #graphs  #sentiment-analysis  #graph-theory  #botnet 
 

13 — Discovering the hidden community structure of public transportation networks

Community networks enable cities to perform analyses on the public transportation network, which in turn enables them to optimize the system, or model the spread of infectious disease across a city. [ Read More ]

#graphs  #graph-theory  #infectious-disease  #contact-network  #networks  #public-transportation 
 

12 — Moments in Time Dataset: one million videos for event understanding

The Moments in Time dataset records around one million video and audio clips of three-second actions, alongside human-annotated labels of what each video contains. [ Read More ]

#moments  #dataset  #mturk  #video  #audio  #labels  #annotation 
 

10 — SemMedDB: a PubMed-scale repository of biomedical semantic predications

SemMedDB is a knowledge-graph representation of medical literature that has been automatically extracted from PubMed article listings and the cross-citations between them. [ Read More ]

#NLP  #medicine  #healthcare  #database  #knowledge-graph  #semantics 
 

09 — Multi-Objective Vehicle Routing Problem Applied to Large Scale Post Office Deliveries

An offline, multi-vehicle routing problem can be solved by overlaying a graph with a probability map of each destination's difficulty of access. [ Read More ]

#VRP  #routing  #graphs  #graph-theory  #np-hard  #urban-design  #GIS 
 

08 — Spatial Information in a Non-retinotopic Visual Cortex

Though turtle primary visual cortex is not laid out like mammalian visual cortex, it appears to respond to high-level scene- or shape-based stimuli, suggesting a more holistic approach to vision in early vision areas in turtles. [ Read More ]

#LGN  #visual-cortex  #dCx  #turtle  #retinotopy  #ephys  #electrophysiology 
 

07 — Integration of grid maps in merged environments

When rats were introduced to two spaces, and then those spaces were connected, their grid-cell representation of the new connected space was a combination of old information about the discrete subspaces alongside new "reconciliation" grids that combined the two. [ Read More ]

#medial-entorhinal-cortex  #MEC  #grid-cells  #hexagons  #neuroscience  #path-integration  #place-cells  #hippocampus  #rat 
 

06 — Identification of Pre-Existing Adaptive Immunity to Cas9 Proteins in Humans

Streptococcus and Staphylococcus are commonly used to generate Cas9 homologs for CRISPR gene therapies, but human patients may have immune reactions to these homologs that could result in ineffective or harmful responses. [ Read More ]

#crispr  #cas9  #gene-editing  #gene-therapies  #staphylococcus  #streptococcus 
 

05 — How Will the Internet of Things Enable Augmented Personalized Health?

The future of healthcare resides in highly personalized systems such as wearable monitors, which will be integrated with more conventional electronic medical records to augment the existing patient records. [ Read More ]

#healthcare  #medicine  #EHR  #IoT  #sensors 
 

04 — An Unsupervised Homogenization Pipeline for Clustering Similar Patients using Electronic Health Record Data

Clustering patient data in order to arrive at diagnoses is highly dependent on the feature reduction and normalization methods used to sanitize the dataset. [ Read More ]

#EHR  #medicine  #clustering  #clinical 
 

03 — Lateral geniculate neurons projecting to primary visual cortex show ocular dominance plasticity in adult mice

Contrary to popular opinion which placed plasticity only in cortex, thalamus dLGN undergoes neuroplastic changes in response to ocular dominance in mice. [ Read More ]

#plasticity  #cortex  #thalamus  #ocular-dominance  #neuroscience  #LGN  #vision  #mouse  #neuroplasticity 
 

02 — Disequilibrium in Gender Ratios among Authors who Contributed Equally

When authors are listed as having "contributed equally" to a paper, men are disproportionately listed first, regardless of alphabetical or random ordering that would guarantee actual equal listing. [ Read More ]

#gender-bias  #sex-factors  #academia  #publication  #peer-review 
 

01 — Content-Aware Image Restoration: Pushing the Limits of Fluorescence Microscopy

The CARE network is a neural network that is able to supersample light-microscopy fluorescence images in order to dramatically refine the spatial and temporal resolution of the imagery while using a tiny fraction of the photon exposure required for conventional methods. [ Read More ]

#fluorescence  #microscopy  #image-processing  #computer-vision  #deep-learning 
December
December

31 — The Merits of Sharing a Ride

The NP-hard problem of ride-sharing is increased in complexity when multiple rider routes are introduced. This paper used a real-life dataset of taxi routes in NYC as a testing metric. [ Read More ]

#taxi  #graph-theory  #graphs  #transportation  #nyc  #matching  #ride-sharing  #np-hard 
 

30 — Microglia and macrophages in brain homeostasis and disease

Microglia and other CNS macrophages are responsible for much more than just simple structural or immune mediation in the brain, and further research into glial cells is likely to shed light on poorly-understood disorders like ALS, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and many more. [ Read More ]

#glia  #microglia  #inflammation  #neuroscience  #homeostasis  #immunology  #review 
 

29 — 50 Hz volumetric functional imaging with continuously adjustable depth of focus

Using a variable Bessel beam focus, it is possible to image living brain tissue in vivo at much higher spatial and temporal resolution than with existing two-photon techniques. [ Read More ]

#two-photon  #2p  #imaging  #neuroscience  #microscopy  #zebrafish 
 

28 — Chewing sandpaper: grit, plant apparency, and plant defense in sand-entrapping plants

Certain desert plants exude a sticky substance to maintain a sandy coating, which acts as a defense against small herbivores such as caterpillars which find this sand to be unpleasant to consume. [ Read More ]

#plant  #plant-defense  #sand  #herbivory  #caterpillar 
 

27 — Eye lens radiocarbon reveals centuries of longevity in the Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus)

Using radiocarbon dating and benchmarks such as the onset of thermonuclear weapon testing, it can be demonstrated that the Greenland shark is one of the longest-living animals in the world. [ Read More ]

#shark  #carbon-dating  #radio-isotope  #eye  #greenland-shark  #lifespan  #thermonuclear-weapon 
 

26 — A Sensorimotor Circuit in Mouse Cortex for Visual Flow Predictions

Mouse motor cortex and anterior cinculate cortex participate in circuits that predict visual flow of stimuli across visual cortex in response to endogenous movements. [ Read More ]

#neuroscience  #vision  #sensation  #visuomotor  #circuit  #visual-flow 
 

25 — 3D Axonal Morphometry of White Matter

By segmenting white matter axonal tracts, it is possible to see morphological differences associated with traumatic brain injury in rat corpus callosa. [ Read More ]

#3D  #morphology  #neuroscience  #white-matter  #electron-microscopy  #myelin  #SBEM  #corpus-callosum  #TBI 
 

24 — Live birth in the Devonian period

This Materpiscis attenboroughi holotype is the first known evidence of vertebrate live birth, moving the earliest-known live birth back by 200 million years. [ Read More ]

#Devonian  #paleontology  #3D  #fossil  #fish  #birth  #viviparity  #Gogo-formation 
 

23 — A Deep Learning Interpretable Classifier for Diabetic Retinopathy Disease Grading

This neural network emphasizes human explainability when reporting diagnostic level of diabetic retinopathies in the EyePACS retinal dataset. [ Read More ]

#retina  #retinopathy  #diabetes  #diabetic-retinopathy  #dnn  #neural-network  #explainability  #EyePACS 
 

22 — Natural TTS Synthesis by Conditioning WaveNet on Mel Spectrogram Predictions

Tacotron 2 reproduces human speech at a creepy-good level by converting text first to a spectrogram and then to a waveform, using two predictive generative neural networks. [ Read More ]

#neural-network  #deep-learning  #text-to-speech  #wavenet  #TTS  #generative  #mel-scale  #LSTM  #CNN 
 

21 — Evolution of highly diverse forms of behavior in molluscs

Despite their phylogenetic similarity, different subtypes of mollusc evolved very different types of nervous systems and behavior. [ Read More ]

#neuroscience  #mollusc  #clam  #octopus  #squid  #cuttlefish  #Hox  #cephalopod  #evolution 
 

20 — HOLA: Human-like Orthogonal Network Layout

HOLA automatically lays out graphs in a 2D orthogonal view that maximizes human readability, improving interpretation and speed of parsing. [ Read More ]

#graphs  #visualization  #layout  #graph-visualization  #orthogonal-layout  #2D 
 

19 — Whole genome sequencing in psychiatric disorders: the WGSPD consortium

The Whole Genome Sequencing for Psychiatric Disorders Consortium aims to provide data and analysis toolkits for more than 200 thousand individual full genomes in pursuit of genetic underpinnings of neuropsychiatric disorders. [ Read More ]

#WGS  #genomics  #genome  #genetics  #psychiatric-disorder  #WGSPD  #consortium  #autism-spectrum-disorder  #autism  #major-depressive-disorder  #depression  #schizophrenia  #bipolar-disorder  #bipolar 
 

18 — Improving automated multiple sclerosis lesion segmentation with a cascaded 3D convolutional neural network approach

This algorithm is able to segment multiple sclerosis white matter lesions with accuracy unprecedented on the MICCAI2008 MS MRI dataset. [ Read More ]

#multiple-sclerosis  #CNN  #3D  #neural-network  #MRI  #segmentation  #lesion 
 

17 — Embodied Organization of Octopus vulgaris Morphology, Vision, and Locomotion

Octopus motor systems are probablistic, using distributed and bottom-up contributions that contribute to a central goal-seeking model — rather than top-down, central motor programs common in vertebrates. [ Read More ]

#octopus  #locomotion  #motor-program  #body-model 
 

16 — Theta and alpha oscillations are traveling waves in the human neocortex

Brain oscillations ripple across cortex like waves across the surface of a pond, signalling — or perhaps even recruiting — the high-level coordination of brain regions for goal-based actions. [ Read More ]

#theta-wave  #alpha-wave  #brain-wave  #cortex  #neuroscience 
 

15 — Female grant applicants are equally successful when peer reviewers assess the science, but not when they assess the scientist

Surprising no one, women were awarded fewer grants by CIHR peer review processes than men. When controlling for age and experience, this was shown to be a function of gender-bias. [ Read More ]

#gender-bias  #peer-review  #sex-factors  #stereotypes  #academia 
 

14 — The cognitive map in humans: spatial navigation and beyond

The cognitive map, well-supported with electrophysiological data from decades of research, is also supported by a variety of other methods, including functional MRI scans in humans. [ Read More ]

#neuroscience  #spatial-reasoning  #cognitive-map  #grid-cells  #fMRI  #mapping  #navigation  #hippocampus  #entorhinal-cortex  #group:review 
 

13 — Force-Directed Edge Bundling for Graph Visualization

This method of edge-bundling improves the readability and interpretability of large, congested graphs, without sacrificing runtime speed or node visibility. [ Read More ]

#graphs  #data-visualization  #clustering 
 

12 — FlagIt: A System for Minimally Supervised Human Trafficking Indicator Mining

FlagIt is a scalable, streaming, automated text-processing pipeline that helps identify and track sex trafficking ads or websites on the internet and dark web. [ Read More ]

#sex-trafficking  #nlp  #web-crawler 
 

11 — Nintendo Super Smash Bros. Melee: An 'Untouchable' Agent

Using reinforcement-learning, the authors were able to develop an "untouchable" player of Super Smash Bros. Melee that could survive for several minutes even on the hardest AI settings. [ Read More ]

#dnn  #nintendo  #super-smash-bros  #emulator  #games 
 

10 — Terrestrial effects of moderately nearby supernovae

Plants, animals, and the atmosphere of Earth itself might have all been affected millions of years ago by nearby stars going supernova and showering the earth with visible light and radiation. [ Read More ]

#supernova  #paleontology  #atmosphere  #evolution 
 

09 — Eye-Drops for Activation of DREADDs

Eye-drops are as good a method as the more conventional intraperitoneal injection for introducing clozapine-N-oxide to CNS neurons _or_ retinal ganglion cells. [ Read More ]

#neuroscience  #DREADD  #mouse  #CNO  #eye  #pharmaceuticals 
 

08 — An opening for humor in melancholy

Inflammatory molecules are more easily able to cross the blood brain barrier when a mouse is under stress conditions, causing depression-like symptoms as a result of circulating compounds. [ Read More ]

#melancholy  #humors  #depression  #blood-brain-barrier  #overview 
 

07 — Copulation in antiarch placoderms and the origin of gnathostome internal fertilization

Modern fish and amphibians, which reproduce using external fertilization, likely evolved from ancestors that reproduced utilizing internal fertilization, contrary to previously held hypotheses. [ Read More ]

#paleontology  #sex  #fish  #fossil  #reproduction  #fertilization  #vertebrates  #phylogeny 
 

06 — A Novel Brain Decoding Method: a Correlation Network Framework for Revealing Brain Connections

Using both topological and functional correlations between brain regions, it is possible to improve image-processing neural networks using bio-inspired features. [ Read More ]

#brain  #fMRI  #MRI  #SVM  #CorrNet  #AI 
 

05 — An interactive framework for whole-brain maps at cellular resolution

An open-source brain mapping visualization and annotation suite enables whole-brain neuroscientific study and online multi-team collaboration. [ Read More ]

#connectomics  #neuroscience  #imaging  #whole-brain  #fluorescence 
 

04 — Simulated Annealing Algorithm for Graph Coloring

Using the Metropolis Algorithm Monte Carlo, a simulated annealing approach, it is possible to generate very good graph-colorings for arbitrarily large graphs. [ Read More ]

#graphs  #color  #coloring-problem  #traversal  #graph-theory  #simulated-annealing 
 

03 — Now Playing: Continuous low-power music recognition

This method from a Google research uses local processing and hardware to fingerprint music and identify it from a database of songs. [ Read More ]

#music  #audio  #signal-processing  #fingerprinting  #group:google 
 

02 — Knowledge Graph Embedding with Iterative Guidance from Soft Rules

Using the newly presented system, RUGE, it is possible to convert knowledge graphs to vector embeddings with much higher levels of accuracy than before. [ Read More ]

#knowledge-graph  #graphs  #vector-embedding  #inference 
 

01 — High-Precision Automated Reconstruction of Neurons with Flood-filling Networks

Flood-filling networks are a new class of CNNs that use seed points to segment electron microscopy neuroscience data with an extraordinary level of accuracy. [ Read More ]

#segmentation  #EM  #neuroscience  #neural-network  #CNN  #FFN  #connectome 
 

29 — Learning a neural response metric for retinal prosthesis

Using neural networks, it is possible to "learn" the optimal signals to send with a retinal prosthesis to most closely emulate the signals sent by the healthy retinal cells. [ Read More ]

#retina  #vision  #prostheses  #neuroscience  #RGC  #CNN  #neural-network 
 

28 — Spider silk reinforced by graphene or carbon nanotubes

If you feed spiders carbon nanotubes, their silk becomes even stronger and tougher, beating almost all manmade fibers. [ Read More ]

#spider  #silk  #materials  #carbon-nanotubes  #graphene  #arthropod 
 

27 — The Structural Architecture of an Infectious Mammalian Prion Using Electron Cryomicroscopy

This work begins to dissect the 3D structure of prion proteins responsible for certain types of mammalian proteinopathies. [ Read More ]

#prion  #neuroscience  #pathogens  #brain  #crystalization  #disease 
 

26 — Speech Recognition for Medical Conversations

CTC and LAS models both generate practically useful medical transcriptions of audio conversation recordings between physicians and patients. [ Read More ]

#CTC  #LAS  #transcription  #medicine  #audio  #group:google 
 

25 — Project Lyra: Sending a Spacecraft to 1I/’Oumuamua (former A/2017 U1), the Interstellar Asteroid

'Oumuamua is the first interstellar object to ever be seen in the Solar System. Reaching it with a space probe for further study would stretch the limits of what current technology could achieve. [ Read More ]

#space  #interstellar  #travel  #asteroid 
 

24 — Allocation Problems in Ride-Sharing Platforms: Online Matching with Offline Reusable Resources

This novel model of OM-RR-KAD resource-matching accounts for dynamic pools of suppliers and demanders for allocation problems in ride-sharing or organ-donor type problems. [ Read More ]

#ride-sharing  #graphs  #matching  #np-hard 
 

23 — JamBot: Music Theory Aware Chord Based Generation of Polyphonic Music with LSTMs

JamBot produces chord progressions that emulate common patterns found in human-generated music, but fails to produce repeating melodies or motifs. [ Read More ]

#music  #audio  #MIDI  #LSTM  #CNN  #neural-network 
 

22 — Simulating optical coherence tomography for observing nerve activity: a finite difference time domain bi-dimensional model

The optical coherence tomography protocol, conventionally used as an anatomical measure, may be modifiable to record functional data as well. [ Read More ]

#OCT  #imaging  #simulation  #nerves 
 

21 — Gene name errors are widespread in the scientific literature

Twelve years after the announcement that gene names were commonly mistaken for dates in supplemental materials generated by spreadsheet software like Excel, the errors are still prevalent in modern gene study literature. [ Read More ]

#genetics  #gene-names  #error  #spreadsheets  #excel 
 

20 — Tsunami-driven rafting: Transoceanic species dispersal and implications for marine biogeography

The 2011 Japanse tsunami washed many foreign species to North American ecosystems, the implications of which may never be fully understood. [ Read More ]

#marine-biology  #ocean  #tsunami  #biogeography 
 

19 — Whale swarm algorithm for function optimization

By emulating whales' hunting and communication patterns, this algorithm searches a large parameter-space quickly, arriving at local maxima quickly. [ Read More ]

#whale  #optimization  #navigation 
 

18 — C. elegans discriminate colors without eyes or opsins

By altering the blue:amber ratio of the light reaching a foraging worm, it is possible to modulate the pyocyanin avoidance response. [ Read More ]

#c-elegans  #worm  #light  #vision 
 
 

16 — Gerrymandering and Computational Redistricting

By generating an algorithm to impartially design voting districts in the United States, it's possible to generate better, more fair district lines that will improve voter impact. [ Read More ]

#districting  #gerrymandering  #maps  #GIS  #politics 
 

15 — Web Robot Detection in Academic Publishing

It is possible to detect which web viewers are real humans and which are automated bot site crawlers, which improves interest-tracking and viewership statistics in academic publication. [ Read More ]

#internet  #crawlers 
 

14 — Open-World Knowledge Graph Completion

ConMask is a knowledge-graph completion algorithm that uses neural networks to parse natural langauge to understand complex relationships between named entities. [ Read More ]

#neural-network  #graph-theory  #knowledge-graph  #natural-language  #nlp 
 

13 — Worm-level Control through Search-based Reinforcement Learning

The tap-withdrawal reflex in C. elegans is similar to the control system needed to balance an inverted pendulum shape. [ Read More ]

#neuroscience  #machine-learning  #circuitry  #control-theory  #c-elegans  #worm 
 

12 — Neurodata Without Borders: Creating a Common Data Format for Neurophysiology

NWB is a recently proposed, specialized file format for consistently and interoperably storing neurophysiological information and metadata. [ Read More ]

#neuroscience  #formats  #ontology 
 

11 — Data Breaches, Phishing, or Malware? Understanding the Risks of Stolen Credentials

Keyloggers and other malicious password exfiltration software are largely unchecked on the open black market of the internet, where password leaks coupled with some basic analysis can affect millions of people. [ Read More ]

#blackhat  #hacking  #passwords  #keyloggers  #group:google 
 

09 — The Ubiquity of Large Graphs and Surprising Challenges of Graph Processing: A User Survey

This study surveyed people who commonly used graphs in their everyday work and discovered some interesting facts about the use of graphs in research and commercial settings. [ Read More ]

#graphs  #graph-theory  #database 
 

08 — Six Challenges for Neural Machine Translation

These are six very tangible and quantifiable ways in which neural network machine translation systems suffer from the common afflictions of deep learning. [ Read More ]

#machine-translation  #neural-network 
 

07 — Simple Cortex: A Model of Cells in the Sensory Nervous System

This novel machine learning framework uses spiking neural networks and Numenta's hierarchical temporal memory to learn complex scenarios. [ Read More ]

#machine-learning  #neuroscience  #neural-network 
 

06 — Framework for evaluation of sound event detection in web videos

This system provides a way to generate tags for a video using only sound features, which allows one to query a video collection for sound content as well as human-added tags. [ Read More ]

#sound  #signal-processing  #video  #machine-learning 
 

05 — The Axonal Cytoskeleton and the Assembly of Nodes of Ranvier

This review covers recent discoveries in the importance of axonal cytoskeleton architecture in the healthy development of a Node of Ranvier. [ Read More ]

#cytoskeleton  #nodes-of-ranvier  #neuroscience 
 

04 — Embedding of Cortical Representations by the Superficial Patch System

The superficial patch system tiles across sensory cortex in a hexagonal pattern in many disparate species of mammal. This architecture may help us better understand the ways in which signals are shared across cortex both in sensory and non-sensory cortex. [ Read More ]

#vision  #neuroscience  #v1  #cats  #monkey  #hexagons  #macaque  #cortex 
 

03 — Learning deep features for source color laser printer identification based on cascaded learning

This CNN architecture can identify by which of a population of laser printers a document was printed with very high accuracy. This has applications in forensics and document provenance. [ Read More ]

#print  #forensics  #neural-network  #CNN  #GAN 
 

02 — Pigeon Perception of Letters of the Alphabet

Researchers studied the ways in which pigeons viewed English alphabet characters and discovered interesting patterns in which letters were most commonly confused. [ Read More ]

#birds  #pigeons  #perception  #vision 
 

01 — Complementary action of chemical and electrical synapses to perception

Dynamic range is one metric that helps to explain the specific structure of cortical circuitry and why firing rates and branching distributions are the way that they are in biology. [ Read More ]

#cortex  #simulation  #cellular-automata  #synapses  #neuroscience 
October
October

31 — Deep Spatial Regression Model for Image Crowd Counting

Using a CNN+LSTM network, it is possible to estimate the number of people in a photograph of a large crowd with a high degree of reliability. [ Read More ]

#computer-vision  #LSTM  #CNN  #DSRM  #neural-network 
 

30 — Spiking Optical Flow for Event-based Sensors Using IBM’s TrueNorth Neurosynaptic System

Using TrueNorth spiking-neuron hardware and a retina-like camera, it is possible to design a direction-selective circuit that emulates the motion-sensitive neurons of a mammal. [ Read More ]

#computer-vision  #neural-network  #spiking-neural-net  #retina 
 

29 — One pixel attack for fooling deep neural networks

This paper presents a technique for fooling computer-vision algorithms into misclassifying images by only modifying a single pixel in color and intensity. [ Read More ]

#neural-network  #adversarial  #gan  #dnn  #computer-vision 
 

28 — Point Neurons with Conductance-Based Synapses in the Neural Engineering Framework

The Neural Engineering Framework currently uses conductance-based neurons; these simulations can be improved by converting the synapses to be conductance-based as well. [ Read More ]

#neurons  #neuroscience  #simulation 
 

27 — FashionBrain Project: A Vision for Understanding Europe’s Fashion Data Universe

FashionBrain hopes to design intelligent fashion-prediction and modeling tools to improve the efficacy and time-to-market of the currently lower-tech fashion industry. [ Read More ]

#fashion  #neural-network  #database  #taxonomy 
 

26 — Lip2AudSpec: Speech reconstruction from silent lip movements video

This system provides a way to transcribe spoken text using only video of a speaking face with no accompanying audio. [ Read More ]

#CNN  #LSTM  #neural-network  #audio  #signal-processing  #speech 
 

25 — Retinal Ganglion Cells and Circadian Rhythms in Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, and Beyond

Alzheimer's and Parinson's patients suffer from altered circadian rhythms. It is very possible that this is related to the commonly-seen degeneration of retinal ganglion cells. [ Read More ]

#group:light  #OCT  #alzheimers  #dementia  #parkinsons  #retina  #rgc  #neuroscience  #brain  #light  #circadian-rhythms 
 

24 — FPGA-based ORB Feature Extraction for Real-Time Visual SLAM

Using custom hardware, it is possible to dramatically increase the framerate of a classic SLAM feature extraction algorithm. [ Read More ]

#slam  #computer-vision  #realtime  #fpga 
 

23 — Adversarial Networks for the Detection of Aggressive Prostate Cancer

A combination of GAN and semantic segmentation enables this algorithm to find prostate cancer in MRI scans of patients with aggressive tumors. [ Read More ]

#cancer  #prostate  #neural-network  #computer-vision  #medical-imagery  #CNN  #fcn  #gan  #U-net 
 

22 — Data-driven approach for creating synthetic electronic medical records

Real patient records can be perturbed slightly to simulate a disease outbreak in a simulated clinical environment. [ Read More ]

#PHI  #EHR  #medical-records  #statistics  #model 
 

21 — Connecting Harbours. A comparison of traffic networks across ancient and medieval Europe

This project registers first-millennium European harbors and ports as nodes in a directed multigraph to enable graph-analysis and interprtation of known transit or transport avenues. [ Read More ]

#culture  #archaeology  #GIS  #traffic  #travel 
 

20 — Polar wildfires and conifer serotiny during the Cretaceous global hothouse

Using computed-tomography scans, it is possible to show that plants with fire-triggered seed-release already existed in the mid-Cretaceous. [ Read More ]

#paleontology  #plant  #computed-tomography  #fossil  #x-ray-tomography  #x-ray 
 

19 — Neurobehavioural Correlates of Obesity are Largely Heritable

Brain region thickness and size correlates with predisposition for obesity, and these traits are heritable, meaning that obesity may be tied intimately to neurobehavior and neurogenomics. [ Read More ]

#obesity  #neuroscience  #connectome  #human-connectome-project  #brain-volume  #behavior 
 

18 — Identifying Designs from Incomplete, Fragmented Cultural Heritage Objects by Curve-Pattern Matching

A curve-matching algorithm helps reconstruct full Native American designs from shattered pottery using a combination of computer-vision and curve-analysis. [ Read More ]

#computer-vision  #archaeology  #curves  #cultural-heritage 
 

17 — Resting-state connectivity predicts patient-specific effects of deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease

This is one proposed technique for finding the best brain-region targets for Parkinson's patient deep-brain-stimulation therapy. It uses fMRI data to target patient-specific brain areas, rather than prior, less tailored methods. [ Read More ]

#fMRI  #parkinsons  #deep-brain-stimulation  #neuroscience  #connectome 
 

16 — Skin Lesion Analysis Toward Melanoma Detection: A Challenge At The 2017 International Symposium On Biomedical Imaging (ISBI), Hosted By the International Skin Imaging Collaboration (ISIC)

Machine learning approaches dominated the 2017 ISBI competition for the accurate identification of melanoma skin tissue by image-data, but were far more data-hungry than their non-ML counterparts. [ Read More ]

#melanoma  #cancer  #machine-learning  #neural-network  #computer-vision  #challenge  #contest 
 

15 — The inefficiency of Bitcoin revisited: a dynamic approach

By using a different time-series analysis technique to evaluate volatility and market-mean deviation, a strange destabilization event in 2014 becomes obvious in the Bitcoin trade market history. [ Read More ]

#bitcoin  #cryptocurrency  #economics  #time-series 
 

14 — CHIPS – A Service for Collecting, Organizing, Processing, and Sharing Medical Image Data in the Cloud

CHIPS is a platform for medical data management, sharing, and storage that uses containers to distribute workloads intelligently and securely. [ Read More ]

#medical-imagery  #hipaa  #hospital  #medicine 
 

13 — Clusters of Driving Behavior from Observational Smartphone Data

This study followed 500 drivers to collect terabytes of data on the acceleration and speed of their driving style. This enabled the researchers to construct well-defined clusters of driving behavior. [ Read More ]

#smartphone  #accelerometer  #car  #behavior  #driving  #data-science 
 

12 — Portable Tor Router: Easily Enabling Web Privacy for Consumers

A pocket-sized Tor Router enables users to connect multiple devices to a protected, Tor-enabled hotspot. [ Read More ]

#privacy  #internet 
 

11 — A Neural Clickbait Detection Engine: The Tuna Clickbait Detector at the Clickbait Challenge 2017

The technique presented here combines image evaluation with headline evaluation to determine if a post contains clickbait or not. [ Read More ]

#clickbait  #internet  #culture  #machine-learning  #neural-network  #nlp 
 

10 — Machine Learning for Drug Overdose Surveillance

Using machine learning methods and public datasets, this paper characterizes and explains clusters of opioid overdoses in America. [ Read More ]

#drug  #overdose  #public-health  #machine-learning 
 

08 — Encoding of Tactile Context in the Mouse Visual Cortex

Mice combine whisker-sensation with visual signals in V1 — very early in the visual processing stream, changing the way the entire brain perceives the visual world. [ Read More ]

#neuroscience  #sensation  #whiskers  #vision  #GCaMP6 
 

07 — Inference of topology and the nature of synapses, and the flow of information in neuronal networks

Determining the directionality of synapses in a graph-representation of a neural network is crucial to understand the circuitry of the brain. This paper shows a way to determine connectivity without direct access to anatomical data, using functional data instead. [ Read More ]

#neuroscience  #synapses  #networks  #connectomics 
 

06 — Discovery of the Twitter Bursty Botnet

This paper demonstrates a method for detecting botnets on Twitter, and explains how this can give better ground-truth for automated detection systems. [ Read More ]

#twitter  #botnet  #networking  #social-networks 
 
 

04 — Creating a Social Brain for Cooperative Connected Autonomous Vehicles: Issues and Challenges

A common language for autonomous vehicles can improve collaboration and information-sharing across a network fabric. [ Read More ]

#autonomy  #self-driving-cars  #artificial-intelligence  #AI 
 

03 — Adversarial Generation of Natural Language

Generating natural language is very hard. When using a GAN, it is still hard. [ Read More ]

#language  #grammar  #cfg  #gan  #neural-network 
 

02 — “Why Should I Trust You?” Explaining the Predictions of Any Classifier

LIME helps show humans what made the machine-learning algorithm pick the output it chose by demonstrating what input values were most important in making that decision. [ Read More ]

#trust  #explanation  #machine-learning  #neural-network 
 

01 — Senenmut: an ancient Egyptian astronomer

Much can be learned about the astronomical findings of Senenmut, a friend and royal timekeeper-advisor to Pharaoh Hatshepsut, from the inscriptions on the ceiling of his tomb. [ Read More ]

#egypt  #astronomy  #history  #hatshepsut 
September
September

30 — Competition and Success in the Meme Pool: a Case Study on Quickmeme.com

This paper characterizes the rise and fall of individual memes to determine if they can be modeled by the original Dawkins "meme" definition — and if so, how we can understand meme success. [ Read More ]

#meme  #economics  #scraping  #internet  #culture 
 

29 — OSMnx: New methods for acquiring, constructing, analyzing, and visualizing complex street networks

Here's a Python library for the generation of graphs from street and intersection data from OpenStreetMap. I love this library. [ Read More ]

#python  #urban-design  #graphs  #graph-theory  #GIS  #open-street-map  #networks 
 
 

27 — A Discrete and Bounded Envy-free Cake Cutting Protocol for Any Number of Agents

How do you cut a cake in nths by eye without making someone jealous of someone else's slice? [ Read More ]

#cake  #economics  #algorithms 
 

26 — Electrical synapses between inhibitory neurons shape the responses of principal neurons to transient inputs in the thalamus

Simulations confirm that electrical synapses between cells in mouse whisker thalamus have significant impact on the downstream spike-stream signals sent to cortex. [ Read More ]

#electrical-synapses  #neuroscience  #thalamus  #GABA  #circuitry  #simulation  #synapses 
 

25 — AAV-mediated CRISPR/Cas gene editing of retinal cells in vivo

This paper demonstrates one possible technique with which retinal genetic therapy can be performed on mammalian (living) eyes. [ Read More ]

#crispr  #cas9  #retina  #aav2  #genetics  #gene-therapy 
 

24 — Yet Another ADNI Machine Learning Paper? Paving The Way Towards Fully-reproducible Research on Classification of Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer's Disease datasets are growing in use and popularity, but the inhomogeneity of the data make reproducible science difficult. This paper is a step toward reproducible diagnosis. [ Read More ]

#alzheimers  #machine-learning  #infrastructure  #neuroscience  #MRI  #PET 
 

22 — PassGAN: A Deep Learning Approach for Password Guessing

Password guessers have always relied on dictionary size and simple heuristics. PassGAN makes more nuanced and accurate guesses based on password list leaks. [ Read More ]

#password  #security  #privacy  #deep-learning  #gan 
 

20 — Zinc for the treatment of the common cold: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

My mom always tells me to take zinc supplements when I have a cold and I always say there's no evidence to back that up, so here you go. [ Read More ]

#common-cold  #immunology  #zinc  #review 
 

18 — The microstructure of high frequency markets

The authors propose a mathematical model to track the wealth differential of a high-frequency trader acting on a market with non-zero friction. [ Read More ]

#finance  #markets  #trading  #stock-market  #hft 
 

17 — Banjo Drum Physics — theoretical preliminaries

A banjo is a surprisingly complex family of oscillating systems that are difficult to model. This paper demonstrates a way to reduce the mathematical complexity of that model. [ Read More ]

#music  #physics  #banjo  #oscillator  #drum  #vibration 
 

16 — Aberrant cortical activity in multiple GCaMP6-expressing transgenic mouse lines

A genetic family of mice used commonly in neuroscience studies appears to suffer from epilepsy-like brain activity, which may affect the results of neuroscientific study. [ Read More ]

#neuroscience  #GCaMP6  #transgenic  #epilepsy  #electrophysiology 
 

15 — Efficient codes and balanced networks

The brain is a closely intertwined network of inhibitory and excitatory signals. Understanding the relationship between the two will improve the way we understand systems neuroscience. [ Read More ]

#electrophysiology  #neuroscience  #signal-processing 
 

14 — Microglia emerge as central players in brain disease

Microglia appear to play a significant role in the healthy and diseases states of central nervous tissue. Understanding this role can help us better understand brain disease and development. [ Read More ]

#microglia  #immunology  #inflammation  #development  #neuroscience  #review 
 

13 — Crows Rival Monkeys in Cognitive Capacity

Crows perform about as well on a working-memory task as rhesus monkeys and humans on "easy" levels, but underperform on more complex tasks. [ Read More ]

#cognition  #neuroscience  #vision  #birds 
 

12 — Seeing faces is necessary for face-domain formation

The brain area responsible for monkeys' facial recognition fails to develop if the monkey cannot see faces; but instead, hand-recognition regions are strengthened. [ Read More ]

#neuroscience  #vision  #extrastriate-cortex 
 

11 — Hybrid computing using a neural network with dynamic external memory

Using a neural network with accessible "RAM" enables more powerful and robust machine-learning algorithms that can incorporate more data and historical information in conclusions. [ Read More ]

#neural-network  #deep-learning  #computation  #memory-access 
 

10 — A Closer Look at Tetris: Analysis of a Variant Game

Using mathematical abstractions of Tetris gameplay, it is possible to prove that the game is unwinnable, and will eventually terminate in a loss. [ Read More ]

#game-theory  #geometry  #automata  #math  #graph-theory 
 

09 — Using Human Brain Activity to Guide Machine Learning

Using fMRI brain data to determine how easily humans categorize an image, neural networks' results are improved by punishing them more significantly when they fail on "easy" images. [ Read More ]

#connectomics  #neuroscience  #deep-learning  #computer-vision  #vision 
 

08 — Random walks for image segmentation

Image segmentation can be modeled as a graph-theory problem, using diffusion equations and electric-circuit equations to simulate a random walk across objects. [ Read More ]

#computer-vision  #image-segmentation  #math  #graph-theory 
 

07 — Adversarial Examples for Evaluating Reading Comprehension Systems

Slight perturbations to an input can dramatically damage the accuracy of a neural network. Here are some ways to test this susceptibility. [ Read More ]

#neural-network  #deep-learning  #NLP 
 

06 — Comparative Analysis of Gene Expression for Convergent Evolution of Camera Eye Between Octopus and Human

A genome-wide study can start to explain why octopus eyes are really similar to human eyes, even though the species split long before the evolution of the camera-eye. [ Read More ]

#octopus  #retina  #neuroscience  #evolution  #vision 
 

05 — Large-Scale Simulations of Plastic Neural Networks on Neuromorphic Hardware

SpiNNaker is a new, neuromorphic computer that simulates millions of plastic synapses orders of magnitude more efficiently than the equivalent computations on conventional supercomputers. [ Read More ]

#neuroscience  #neural-network  #hexagons  #biomimicry  #hardware 
 

04 — Optical coherence tomography reflects brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis: A four-year study

OCT, a low-cost and simple scan, can often indicate the severity and extend of brain lesions in patients with multiple sclerosis, which can reduce the need for expensive brain-scans. [ Read More ]

#OCT  #multiple-sclerosis  #neurology  #retina  #neuroscience 
 

03 — Gaze-stabilizing central vestibular neurons project asymmetrically to extraocular motoneuron pools

Zebrafish tilt-sensors and eye-movement are connected asymmetrically, suggesting that oculomotor input incorporates both the behavior of the species as well as evolved reflexive behaviors. [ Read More ]

#oculomotion  #neuroscience  #vision 
 

01 — How many dinosaur species were there?

We can extrapolate how many dinosaur species there were using what we know about sampling bias, geological conditions, and the data from actual found fossils. [ Read More ]

#paleontology  #stats 
August
August

31 — Fake News in Social Networks

The spread of fake news can be modeled as a graph where each node is a recurrent neural network that makes an opinionated decision of validity. [ Read More ]

#networks  #graphs  #simulation  #internet 
 

29 — Cluster failure: Why fMRI inferences for spatial extent have inflated false-positive rates

Using clusterwise inference in fMRI studies has likely led to pervasive, industry-wide, accidental inflation of statistical significance. [ Read More ]

#statistics  #neuroscience  #fMRI  #MRI 
 

28 — Underwater components of humpback whale bubble-net feeding behaviour

For the first time, individual whale bubble-blowing is correlated with 3D underwater location to characterize a complex feeding behavior. [ Read More ]

#whale  #3D  #audio  #acoustics  #behavior  #marine-biology  #motion-coordination 
 

27 — Cofields: a physically inspired approach to motion coordination

Modeling a navigation-space as a physical "field" (e.g. magnetic) greatly simplifies the computational overhead for individual navigators in that space. [ Read More ]

#autonomy  #distributed  #physics  #navigation  #behavior  #magnetism  #agents  #computation  #motion-coordination 
 

26 — Introducing MantisBot: Hexapod robot controlled by a high-fidelity, real-time neural simulation

The authors demonstrate complex pose-maintenance and weight-distribution behaviors in a robot, using joint-positioning logic from insect neurons. [ Read More ]

#simulation  #robot  #robotics  #kinematics  #central-pattern-generator  #cpg  #motor-program  #connectome 
 

24 — Unpaired Image-to-Image Translation using Cycle-Consistent Adversarial Networks

By training cyclically adversarial neural networks simultaneously, it's possible to develop a nuanced image-net with limited or no training data. [ Read More ]

#GAN  #CV  #machine-learning  #training  #neural-network 
 

23 — Inferring cortical function in the mouse visual system through large-scale systems neuroscience.

Large brain circuits can be simulated at-scale by modeling neural systems as populations to reduce computational overhead and improve biofidelity. [ Read More ]

#connectomics  #computation  #optogenetics  #neuroscience  #simulation 
 

22 — Brain Computation Is Organized via Power-of-Two-Based Permutation Logic

One compelling hypothesis about how sensory signals are processed in the brain is substantiated by measuring from real brain tissue. [ Read More ]

#connectomics  #computation  #optogenetics  #neuroscience